In the early morning when I wake up, I would like to greet my brand new day by washing up my face (I brush my teeth 1st of course!). I feel refresh after doing that. After washing my face by using the cleanser, I will follow up by the toner and then the day treatment. I am so curious about the toner. What is the main function of applying it on our face? According to the information I got, the main function of applying toner is to cleanse the skin and shrink pores on our face. For Nu Skin's toner that I'm using, the key ingredients of the toner will be the potassium ascorbyl tocopheryl phosphate, Salicylic acid, Licorice extract (Dipotassium glycyrrhizate) and Zinc PCA.
Potassium ascorbyl tocopheryl phosphate refers to a special union of vitamins C and E. Potassium ascorbyl tocopheryl phosphate helps to restores the natural antioxidant supply that is lost when your skin is fighting breakouts. Besides, it also helps to restores our skin vibrancy.
On the other hand, the toner also contains salicylic acid, which is a beta hydroxy acid that able to penetrates pores to eliminate most blemishes.
Licorice extract (dipotassium glycyrrhizate) soothes the skin and helps reduce the appearance of redness that might occur on our face.
Lastly, the toner also helps to control the secretion of oil from our face. The zinc PCA controls oil by helping to prevent shine and future breakouts.
The climax recently in our country is unpredictable. Besides, H1N1 and the haze also invading our country. Many people fall sick due to the devastating climate in the pass few months including me, myself.
My dad felled sick too. I think he was infected by me. He has cough, flu and fever badly. And so, he went to consult a doctor. He was given some medicines by the doctor. The one I spotted is Sedilix-DM because this medicine is so familiar to me. I remembered last time when I got fever, the doctor also gave me exactly the same medicine.
Then, I started to look at it contents.
From the info mentioned, each 5ml of Sedilix-DM contains 15mg of Dextromethrophan Hbr, 3.125mg of Promethazine HCl, 30mg of Pseudoephedrine HCl and 0.125% of Parabens as preservative.
Sedilix-DM can relieves dry irritating cough, runny nose, sneezing, stuffy nose and itchy & watery eyes.
So, I tried to search it out. From the web, I knew that Dextromethrophan Hbris an antitussive drug. It is a medicinal drug that used to treat coughing and related conditions. It can also used to relief pain in psychological applications. The empirical formula for Dextromethrophan Hbr is C18H25NO•HBr•H2O.
Besides, Promethazine HClis a racemic compound. The empirical formula is C10H15NO•HCl while its molecular weight is 320.88. It is also consider as a medical drug that used to cure coughing and those related conditions.
Pseudoephedrine HCl is a decongestant. It is found in various cold, sinus and allergy medications. It is used for the treatment of nasal congestion due to allergies or the commom cold. Furthermore, it can also used to relieve sinus congestion and pressure.
Pseudoephedrine HCl helps to relieve nasal and sinus congestion by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors in the lining of the nose and sinuses. The action causes the blood vessels to constrict and then allowing less fluid to leave the blood vessels and decreasing inflammation. Moreover, the empirical formula for Pseudoephedrine HClis C32H39NO4·HCl.
There are some side effects of in taking those 3 chemicals such as drowsiness(dizziness), nausea, vomitting and etc.
Lastly, the parabens are a group of chemicals that used as preservatives in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Besides, there are also used as food additives.
The fertilizers are widely used in our daily life such as gardening and farming. Fertilizers are chemical compounds that use to accelerate the growth of plants and the crops. Basically, the fertilizers are classified into 2 categories which are organic fertilizer (a.k.a “natural” fertilizer) and non-organic fertilizer (a.k.a mineral fertilizer). There are 2 applications of fertilizers onto the plants. The first one will be applying the fertilizers in the soil so that the plant can absorbs the fertilizers from the roots. However, the second one is by foliar feeding which is the absorption of fertilizers from the leaves. The purpose we use fertilizer is to provide the proper nutrients to the plants. Sometimes, the content in the soil might not sufficient for the plant to grow properly. The major nutrients that are needed by a plant are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium which is also known as N-P-K. Besides, the plants also needed calcium, sulfur, magnesium, trace elements, boron, chlorine, iron, zinc, copper, molybdenum and selenium.
I wish to be more concern on Nitrogen fertilizer on my passage here. The fertilizer is named as nitrogen fertilizer if the main element of the fertilizer is Nitrogen. Compounds of nitrogen are essential for plant growth, as nitrogen is needed for making proteins and so helps the development of healthy green leaves and strong stems. Nitrogen fertilizer is usually manufactured by the Haber process (Haber Bosch Process). During the Haber process, nitrogen and hydrogen are combined at the temperature of 350–500°C/660–930°F, with the pressure of 80–200 atmospheres, and the iron is used as a catalyst.
The equation for nitrogen in Haber process is:- N2 + 3H2 = 2NH3
This process will also produced ammonia. However, Most of the ammonia is used to make fertilizers, such as ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate. Another major use of ammonia is to make nitric acid, which is also used to make fertilizers. Besides, ammonia is also used to combine with rock phosphate and potassium fertilizer to produce compound fertilizer in Odda Process.
Nitrogen fertilizer is essential for the field such as the growing of maize, barley, sorghum, rapeseed, soya bean and sunflower.
I think everyone notice that the haze is invading and attacking Malaysia.
The haze is caused by our neighbouring country which is Indonesia. It is because the activity of burning Pattaya of neighbouring country is begun to active. This is an annual problem which caused by Indonesia, Sumatera to Malaysia. Our country’s air quality also turns into unhealthy state.
The climate is turning to into dry level and the highest temperature is 35 degree Celsius. As I am in KL, I felt that the visibility began to decrease. We can hardly see the buildings in KL.
Many peoples fall sick because of the breathing in of the polluted air. Many peoples are having throat pain, breathing difficulties and trigger a cough or a more serious condition such as bronchitis and asthma. The clinic or hospitals are fully filled with the patients for consultation. Haze contains carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and some dust particles.
In addition to decrease the visibility of our country, the burning (combustion) of the Pattaya has gives out a by-product which is carbon monoxide (CO), though; the gas is a good tracer of fire-induced pollution. CO consists of a carbon atom and an oxygen atom. The CO is covalently bonded by a double bond and a dative covalent bond. Its bond length is 0.1128 nm.
Carbon monoxide is a poison, colourless, tasteless and odourless gas. CO is a common industrial hazard resulting from the incomplete burning of natural gas and any other material containing carbon such as gasoline, kerosene, oil, propane, coal, or wood. Forges, blast furnaces and coke ovens produce CO, but one of the most common sources of exposure in the workplace is the internal combustion engine. CO can also soluble in chloroform, acetic acid, ethyl acetate, ethanol and also ammonium hydroxide..
Besides, haze also contains carbon dioxide CO2. CO2 is a chemical compound with 1 carbon atom and 2 oxygen atoms. They are covalently bonded into a single carbon atom. The bond length is 116.3nm.CO2 is also an odourless and tasteless gas. CO2 is a common gas that exists in Earth atmosphere. CO2 is also widely used for some industries such as drinks, foods, wine making, refrigerants and etc… Excessive of CO2 might cause harm to human body. However dust is the particles in the atmospherearise from various sources such as soil dust lifted up by wind, volcanic eruptions, and pollution.
Carbon monoxide is harmful to human body. Carbon monoxide poisoning is the most common fatal poisoning in many countries. When CO combines with haemoglobin in the blood, it will produces carboxyheamoglobin (HbCO) which can cause ineffective of the deliver of oxygen into our body tissue. The condition is known as anoxemia. Besides, the symptoms of CO poisoning can resemble the flu, including headache, nausea and vomiting, dizziness, lethargy and a feeling of weakness.
So ladies and gentlemen, please be reminded there are several preventive measures that could probably keep you away from the threat of haze. The intake of water helps regulate our body system and promotes the optimal function of our immunity. Besides, physical protection is essential in case the condition of haze worsens. Remember to put on mask as it functions as a filter for the air we inhale. If possible, minimizing outdoor activity would be the most ideal solution as there is always a saying “prevention is always better than cure”.
Everything on this earth needs water to survive. The examples are humans, plants, animals, microorganisms and etc… Water is the common name applied to the liquid form of the hydrogen and oxygen compound H2O that bounded together by covalent bond. Water is colorless, tasteless and odorless liquid.
It is known also as the most universal solvent. Water can be classified into 3 states which are liquid, solid and also gases. Water can undergoes hydrologic cycle to change the states. The process involved are evaporation, freezing, melting, sublimation, transpiration and also condensation.
Water has the second highestspecific heat capacity after ammonia as well as the high heat of vaporization which is 40.65 kJ mol−1). The maximum density of water is 3.98 °C or 39.16 °F. By the way, water is also miscible with many liquids like ethanol. It can also form an azeotrope with other solvents. The covalently bonded of Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms of water can be split or break down by the electrolysis process.
The Van Der Waals Force (weak interactions) between the water molecules caused water to has a high surface tension. On the other hand, The dipolar nature contributes to water molecules' tendency to form hydrogen bond which cause water's cohesive properties. The more electropositive elements such as lithium, sodium, calcium, potassium and caesium can displace Hydrogen from water to form hydroxides.
Water is also act like a string solvent because of it universal characteristic.
Water can be considered as a nature's most important gifts to mankind. Humans need water to survive. It’s an essential source for humans to survive. Water helps humans to digest and absorb foods in our body, maintains proper muscle tone, supplies oxygen and nutrients to the cells, rids the body of wastes and serves as a natural air conditioning system. Water regulates the body temperature, also helps to alleviate constipation by moving food through the intestinal tract and thereby eliminating waste which is the best detox agent.
Our body is made up of 95% of water; blood is 82% and lungs 90% and so every people need at least 8 glasses of water per day. Drinking eight glasses of water daily can decrease the risk of colon cancer by 45%, bladder cancer by 50% and it can potentially even reduce the risk of breast cancer. Besides, drinking of water can also help to reduce body weight!
As we know that, our earth is getting polluted by mankind nowadays. And so, water is also a source being polluted by mankind. The development of technology nowadays are destroying and polluting the seas or the river on our earth. The pollution of water is measure by the pH value of the water. The pH of the water is a measure of the balance between the Hydrogen (H+) and Hydroxide (OH) ions in the water. I think most of us know that low pH is acidic and high pH is alkaline or basic. Hence a pH of 5 is slightly acidic water, a pH of 7 is neutral and a pH of 8 is alkaline water.
For the budding chemists the equation is as follows:
pH = -log10[H3O+]
The factories nowadays do not know how to handle the waste disposal and so they just simply let the chemicals flow into the seas or rivers.
I would like to say that we are just polluting the water that we are consuming everyday and it just cause harm to our self.
The water inside the photo looks clear and clean right? I took this when I travel to Redang. The water is clean enough! Hmm...Do you all wish to see this kind of water everywhere? Let's preserve and save our water from now!
